)isusedtoexamineacolloid,thecolloidalparticlesappearastinypointsoflightinconstantmotion;thismotion,calledBrownian movement ,helpskeeptheparticlesinsuspension.Absorption isanothercharacteristicofcolloids,sincethefinelydividedcolloidalparticleshavealargesurfaceareaexposed.Thepresenceofcolloidalparticleshaslittleeffectonthecolligative properties ofasolution.
Advantages and disadvantages
Colloids are better than crystalloids at expanding the circulatory volume, because their larger molecules are retained more easily in the intravascular space (Kwan et al, 2003) and increase osmotic pressure (Bradley, 2001).
However, excessive use of colloids can precipitate cardiac failure, and pulmonary and peripheral oedema (O’Neill, 2001). Although the pulmonary oedema caused by excessive use of colloids is delayed in comparison with that caused by crystalloids, it is more sustained (Bradley, 2001). Schierhout and Roberts (1998) also found that fluid resuscitation using colloids can cause pulmonary oedema as well as anaphylactic shock and they can lead to a small increase in the rate of death.
Gelatins can cause anaphylactic reactions and there is concern regarding the possible transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Bradley, 2001).
In addition, colloids are required for fluid challenges, as 200ml of colloid solution will re-expand intravascular volume by 200ml (Webb, 1999).
SOLUTION
Solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent
solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to produce a homogeneous mixture
solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture.